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Alprazolam in Veterinary Medicine - Facts and Information

Alprazolam

Updated on September 10, 2024

Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety-related behavior disorders in dogs and cats.

Alprazolam

Summary

Used For:

Behavioral disorders, especially those related to anxiety

Brands:

Xanax

Species:

Dogs and Cats

Other names:

Niravam

Drug type:

Anti-anxiety

Prescription required:

Yes; alprazolam is a schedule IV controlled substance

Pregnancy and lactation:

Should not be used pregnant or nursing animals

Side effects:

Most commonly related to drowsiness or sedation; however, paradoxical excitation may occur
 

General description

Alprazolam is in a class of medications called benzodiazepines that are commonly used in veterinary medicine to treat anxiety in dogs and cats.

Uses

Generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, storm phobias, noise phobias, and other anxiety related conditions.

How it works

Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine which acts on the central nervous system to produce a calming effect. It works by enhancing the effects gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS.

Dosage

**Dogs**: 0.02 – 0.1 milligrams per kilogram of body weight by mouth every 6-12 hours. **Cats**: 0.125 – 0.25 milligrams per cat by mouth every 8-24 hours. If used for phobias, it should be given 30-60 minutes before triggering event or at the first sign of heightened anxiety if unable to give preemptively.

Forms

Alprazolam Oral Tablets: 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 milligram sizes Alprazolam Oral Solution: 1 milligram per milliliter

Storage information & handling

Store at room temperature protected from moisture and light.

What results can I expect?

Reduction in anxiety

Missed Dosage

Alprazolam is commonly given as needed, so missed dosing is not a concern. If given on a daily basis, give the mixed dose as soon as possible. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose, and continue with the regular schedule. Never give two doses at once.

Overdose / acute toxicity

Overdose is possible and the severity is dose dependent.

Side effects

* Sedation/Drowsiness * Increased appetite * Ataxia (wobbly gait) * Irritability * Excitement * Increased affection * Depression

Contraindications

Use with caution in aggressive animals, geriatric or debilitated patients or animals with: * Benzodiazepine sensitivity * Hepatic or renal disease * Glaucoma

Drug interactions

The following drugs may interact with alprazolam: * cimetidine * erythromycin * isoniazid * ketoconazole * propofol * valproic acid * digoxin * rifampin * CNS depressant agents

Precaution

Alprazolam should not be used in pregnant or nursing animals.

Disclaimer
The information contained on this page is for educational purposes only. This medication should only be given under the advice of a veterinarian who has examined your pet under the laws applicable to your state of residence.

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